This paper uses the CFPS2020 truncated data to analyze the influence of income gap on the health status of rural residents through the Orderprobit model and the threshold regressive model. The research results show that income gap and non-agricultural employment can significantly promote the health of rural residents and verify that non-agricultural employment can regulate the health of rural residents; the research results further reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between income gap and health, with different mechanisms on both sides of the critical point: Income gap can significantly promote health on the left side of the critical point, yet its influence on health is opposite on the right side of the critical point. The interaction between income gap and non-agricultural employment can significantly promote health on both sides of the critical point. This paper also considers the multilevel effect of income gap, and the verification results show that income gap has a convergence effect on health; at the same time, the robustness test of the influence of income gap on health reveals that the health of middle/low income groups is most vulnerable to the impact of income gap. Therefore, in order to realize the strategy of Healthy China, we need to attach importance to the inverted U-shaped relationship between income gap and health. Currently, we should concern about not only the health status of low income rural residents but also the health status of middle income rural residents, increase the investment in public health care, and improve the quality of medical services in rural areas through regional medical cooperation and coordinated development, in order to enhance the health level of rural residents.