In the modern construction industry, natural disasters such as earthquakes pose an increasingly prominent threat to reinforced concrete structures, which often lead to serious damage to the structures. Therefore, how to enhance the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of construction. This study delves into the seismic performance of CFRP plates in strengthening reinforced concrete structures. Firstly, the material characteristics of CFRP panels were analyzed, including the mechanical and adhesive performance indicators of carbon fiber panels, and corresponding specimens were made. Subsequently, through specimen loading experiments, the performance of reinforced specimens and unreinforced specimens under load was compared. The experimental results show that prestressed CFRP plates can significantly increase the cracking load and enhance the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete structures. In addition, simulation tests were conducted using a finite element model. Through simulation testing, the load deflection curve of the specimen was obtained, revealing the influence of CFRP plates on beam stiffness. Especially in the critical stages of concrete cracking and yielding of tensile steel bars, carbon fiber board has a particularly significant effect on improving the stiffness of beams.