As one of the most important food crops in China and worldwide, the morphological development of floral organs in rice is crucial, directly affecting its yield and quality. The MADS-box gene family significantly influences the development of floral organs in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This paper reviews the ABCDE model of floral organ development and provides an overview of recent advancements in research on MADS-box genes that influence the characteristics of floral organs in rice.