Currently, the understanding of soil cutting mechanisms is still not deep enough, which is not conducive to further optimizing the efficiency and quality of dredging and underwater mining projects. Numerical simulation of tool cutting soil from a three-dimensional perspective using the CEL (Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian) algorithm. In order to further understand the failure mode of soil during actual cutting process and the cutting force of cutting tools, dozens of control working conditions were set up under dynamic cutting soil conditions, and the influence rules of some process parameters involved in the cutting process on the soil cutting operation were analyzed and summarized. The conclusion is that tool width, tool height, cutting speed, and cutting thickness all have a significant impact on the failure mode and cutting force of soil. It is recommended to focus on the influence of these parameters when studying soil cutting related content.