China’s economic high-quality development (EHQD) faces severe tests, and green finance (GF) is a key element and focus of high-quality development. This research analyzes the mechanism of GF to promote EHQD by using the data of Guizhou from 2008 to 2020. We establish a multiple regression model to empirically analyze the impact of GF promotes EHQD. The results show that GF development can boost EHQD. Research results of this article provide a theoretical basis for pushing forward EHQD in China, and also draw policy inspiration for improving the green financial system.