This study aims to examine the mediating roles of research engagement (RE) and academic adaptability (AD) on the relationship between team climate (TC) and academic aspiration (AS). Few studies are found in this field. A questionnaire research was conducted in Z university, a double first-class university with a complete range of doctoral disciplines in China. 419 valid online questionnaires were obtained, with an effective rate of 94.2%. ANOVA, a T-test and a chain mediation effect test were used to analyze data. The results show that the AS of the doctoral students in Z University is at middle level, and there is a significant difference in grades and major; TC positively predicts AS; RE and AD have a complete mediating effect on the positive impact of TC on AS, but have no chain mediating effect on the relationship between TC and AS. Suggestions are provided for improving doctoral students' AS and promoting their academic employment.